Quelle:Maschenstromverfahren
Zeichne in jede Masche einen unbekannten beliebig orientierten Maschenstrom ein.
Suche einen Zusammenhang zwischen den gesuchten Strömen und den Maschenströmen.
Stelle Maschengleichungen und Knotengleichungen auf und löse sie.
Angabe:
Beispiel
Berechne I1,I2,I5
I
1
+
I
2
+
I
5
:
=
0
{\displaystyle {\mathit {I1}}+{\mathit {I2}}+{\mathit {I5}}\mathrm {\colon } =0}
m
A
:
=
0.001
A
{\displaystyle {\mathit {mA}}\mathrm {\colon } =0.001A}
R
1
:
=
20
Ω
{\displaystyle {\mathit {R1}}\mathrm {\colon } =20\Omega }
,
R
2
:
=
3
Ω
{\displaystyle {\mathit {R2}}\mathrm {\colon } =3\Omega }
,
R
3
:
=
5
Ω
{\displaystyle {\mathit {R3}}\mathrm {\colon } =5\Omega }
,
R
4
:
=
12
Ω
{\displaystyle {\mathit {R4}}\mathrm {\colon } =12\Omega }
,
R
5
:
=
470
Ω
{\displaystyle {\mathit {R5}}\mathrm {\colon } =470\Omega }
U
01
:
=
60
V
{\displaystyle {\mathit {U01}}\mathrm {\colon } =60V}
,
U
02
:
=
40
V
{\displaystyle {\mathit {U02}}\mathrm {\colon } =40V}
Maschenstromgleichung für den Maschenstrom Ia:
Bearbeiten
U
02
+
I
a
⋅
R
2
+
I
b
⋅
R
2
+
I
a
⋅
R
3
+
I
a
⋅
R
1
−
U
01
+
I
a
⋅
R
4
:
=
0
{\displaystyle {\mathit {U02}}+{\mathit {Ia}}\cdot {\mathit {R2}}+{\mathit {Ib}}\cdot {\mathit {R2}}+{\mathit {Ia}}\cdot {\mathit {R3}}+{\mathit {Ia}}\cdot {\mathit {R1}}-{\mathit {U01}}+{\mathit {Ia}}\cdot {\mathit {R4}}\mathrm {\colon } =0}
Maschenstromgleichung für den Maschenstrom Ib:
Bearbeiten
U
02
+
I
b
⋅
R
2
+
I
a
⋅
R
2
+
I
b
⋅
R
5
:
=
0
{\displaystyle {\mathit {U02}}+{\mathit {Ib}}\cdot {\mathit {R2}}+{\mathit {Ia}}\cdot {\mathit {R2}}+{\mathit {Ib}}\cdot {\mathit {R5}}\mathrm {\colon } =0}
I
b
:
=
−
U
02
R
2
+
R
5
−
I
a
⋅
R
2
R
2
+
R
5
{\displaystyle {\mathit {Ib}}\mathrm {\colon } =-{\frac {\mathit {U02}}{{\mathit {R2}}+{\mathit {R5}}}}-{\mathit {Ia}}\cdot {\frac {\mathit {R2}}{{\mathit {R2}}+{\mathit {R5}}}}}
x
1
:
=
U
02
R
2
+
R
5
=
84.57
m
A
{\displaystyle {\mathit {x1}}\mathrm {\colon } ={\frac {\mathit {U02}}{{\mathit {R2}}+{\mathit {R5}}}}={\text{84.57}}{\mathit {mA}}}
x
2
:
=
R
2
R
2
+
R
5
=
0.006342
{\displaystyle {\mathit {x2}}\mathrm {\colon } ={\frac {\mathit {R2}}{{\mathit {R2}}+{\mathit {R5}}}}={\text{0.006342}}}
I
b
:
=
−
x
1
−
I
a
⋅
x
2
{\displaystyle {\mathit {Ib}}\mathrm {\colon } =-{\mathit {x1}}-{\mathit {Ia}}\cdot {\mathit {x2}}}
U
02
+
I
a
⋅
R
2
−
x
1
⋅
R
2
−
R
2
⋅
I
a
⋅
x
2
+
I
a
⋅
R
3
+
I
a
⋅
R
1
−
U
01
+
I
a
⋅
R
4
:
=
0
{\displaystyle {\mathit {U02}}+{\mathit {Ia}}\cdot {\mathit {R2}}-{\mathit {x1}}\cdot {\mathit {R2}}-{\mathit {R2}}\cdot {\mathit {Ia}}\cdot {\mathit {x2}}+{\mathit {Ia}}\cdot {\mathit {R3}}+{\mathit {Ia}}\cdot {\mathit {R1}}-{\mathit {U01}}+{\mathit {Ia}}\cdot {\mathit {R4}}\mathrm {\colon } =0}
I
a
⋅
(
R
2
−
R
2
⋅
x
2
+
R
3
+
R
1
+
R
4
)
:
=
U
01
−
U
02
+
x
1
⋅
R
2
{\displaystyle {\mathit {Ia}}\cdot \left({\mathit {R2}}-{\mathit {R2}}\cdot {\mathit {x2}}+{\mathit {R3}}+{\mathit {R1}}+{\mathit {R4}}\right)\mathrm {\colon } ={\mathit {U01}}-{\mathit {U02}}+{\mathit {x1}}\cdot {\mathit {R2}}}
I
a
:
=
U
01
−
U
02
+
x
1
⋅
R
2
R
2
−
R
2
⋅
x
2
+
R
3
+
R
1
+
R
4
=
506.6
m
A
{\displaystyle {\mathit {Ia}}\mathrm {\colon } ={\frac {{\mathit {U01}}-{\mathit {U02}}+{\mathit {x1}}\cdot {\mathit {R2}}}{{\mathit {R2}}-{\mathit {R2}}\cdot {\mathit {x2}}+{\mathit {R3}}+{\mathit {R1}}+{\mathit {R4}}}}={\text{506.6}}{\mathit {mA}}}
I
b
:
=
−
x
1
−
I
a
⋅
x
2
=
-87.78
m
A
{\displaystyle {\mathit {Ib}}\mathrm {\colon } =-{\mathit {x1}}-{\mathit {Ia}}\cdot {\mathit {x2}}={\text{-87.78}}{\mathit {mA}}}
I
1
+
I
2
+
I
5
:
=
0
{\displaystyle {\mathit {I1}}+{\mathit {I2}}+{\mathit {I5}}\mathrm {\colon } =0}
I
1
:
=
I
a
{\displaystyle {\mathit {I1}}\mathrm {\colon } ={\mathit {Ia}}}
I
5
:
=
I
b
{\displaystyle {\mathit {I5}}\mathrm {\colon } ={\mathit {Ib}}}
I
2
:
=
−
I
1
−
I
5
=
-418.8
m
A
{\displaystyle {\mathit {I2}}\mathrm {\colon } =-{\mathit {I1}}-{\mathit {I5}}={\text{-418.8}}{\mathit {mA}}}
Nachstehende Daten Markieren und Kopieren (Strg-C) und beim Circuit simulator bei File Import mit Strg-V einfügen.
$ 1 5.0E-6 10.20027730826997 50 5.0 50
v 368 144 464 144 0 0 40.0 60.0 0.0 0.0 0.5
v 368 272 464 272 0 0 40.0 40.0 0.0 0.0 0.5
r 512 160 512 272 0 12.0
r 336 272 256 272 0 3.0
r 336 144 256 144 0 20.0
r 256 176 256 256 0 5.0
r 256 320 512 320 0 470.0
w 256 160 256 176 1
w 256 256 256 272 0
w 256 272 256 320 1
w 336 272 368 272 1
w 336 144 368 144 1
w 464 272 512 272 1
w 464 144 512 144 1
w 512 272 512 320 1
w 256 160 256 144 0
w 512 160 512 144 0
x 291 112 307 115 0 12 R1
x 407 110 430 113 0 12 U01
x 292 249 308 252 0 12 R2
x 481 220 497 223 0 12 R4
x 377 348 393 351 0 12 R5
x 223 222 239 225 0 12 R3
x 404 236 427 239 0 12 U02
x 415 303 436 306 0 12 40V
x 413 182 434 185 0 12 60V
x 491 161 501 164 0 12 I1
x 482 287 492 290 0 12 I2
x 235 301 245 304 0 12 I5
Aufgabe Prototypenbau